Brutalism in Portugal

Portuguese concrete modernism developed under the Estado Novo, when a generation of architects quietly steered official commissions away from regime classicism. The key monument is the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (1969) in Lisbon by Alberto Pessoa, Pedro Cid and Ruy Jervis d'Athouguia, a low ensemble of board-marked concrete set in a garden, now a national monument.

Nuno Teotónio Pereira's office was the other engine of renewal, above all in church building: the Igreja do Sagrado Coração de Jesus (1970), designed with Nuno Portas, cut a concrete public route through a Lisbon block. In the north, Januário Godinho brought a robust concrete language to dams and civic buildings, a lineage that continued into contemporary Portuguese architecture.